1. Introduction
Johann Haller, Paul Schmidt, Erich Steiner, Elke Teich and Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt 1
1.1 Organization: EUROTRA-D and subsidiary research 2
1.2 The concept of linguistic levels 3
1.3 Rule formalism and syntax 3
1.4 The EUROTRA Interface Structure 4
1.5 Problems and proposals 6
Part I: A coherent system-theory and implementation 11
2. A syntactic description of a fragment of German in the EUROTRA framework
Paul Schmidt 11
2.0 Introduction 11
2.1 The representational language 11
2.2 Configurational structures (ECS) 17
2.3 Relational structure (ERS) 25
2.4 The relation between constituency and dependency 37
2.5 Summary 39
3. The development of the EUROTRA-D system of Semantic Relations
Erich Steiner, Ursula Eckert, Birgit Roth and Jutta Winter-Thielen 40
3.0 Introduction 40
3.1 A procedure for assigning semantic structures to clauses 47
3.2 Appli'cation to German 52
3.3 Problems and solutions 64
3.4 Stability and extensibility of the system 81
Appendix I 84
Appendix II 93
Appendix III 102
4. From cognitive grammar to the generation of semantic interpretation in machine translation
Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt 105
4.0 Introduction 105
4.1 The principles of linguistic semantics 105
4.2 The entity grammar 121
4.3 The application of the formalism 122
4.4 Implementation of the , T formalism 124
Appendix 129
Part II: Semantic Relations in an MT environment 133
5. Semantic Relations in LFG and in EUROTRA-D: a comparison
Erich Steiner 133
5.0 Introduction 133
5.1 On the independence of predicate-argument structure from representations of syntactic context 134
5.2 Polyadicity of predicates 136
5.3 Universal conditions on the assignment of grammatical functions 138
5.4 The treatment of variable polyadicity 145
5.5 Concluding remarks 147
6. Generating German from Semantic Relations: Semantic Relations as an input to the SEMSYN generator
Ulrich Heid, Dictmar Rosner and Birgit Roth 149
6.0 Introduction 149
6.1 The basis of the experiment 149
6.2 Mapping participant roles on to syntactic functions 151
6.3 Summary 159
Part III: From source language to target language-aspects of transfer 161
7. Transfer strategies in EUROTRA-D
Paul Schmidt 161
7.0 Introduction 161
7.1 Lexical transfer 161
7.2 Two remarks on semantic relations from a strategic point of view 168
7 .3 Examples for structural transfer 172
8. Semantic Relations in EUROTRA-D and syntactic functions in LFG: a comparison in the context of lexical transfer in machine translation
Ursula Eckert and Ulrich Heid 178
8.0 Introduction 178
8.1 Course of the experiment 179
8.2 Results of the experiment 181
8.3 Discussion 184
8.4 Final Remarks
9. The transfer of quantifiers in a multilingual machine translation system
Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt 187
9.0 Introduction 187
9.1 Conditions for the semantics of determiners 187
9.2 Implementation strategy 188
9.3 The semantic functions of determiners 188
9.4 The interaction of the 'count' /'mass' distinction with the expression of the entity's set properties 192
9.5 The organization of the semantic features of determination 206
9.6 The meaning of the semantic features 206
9.7 The featurization of determiners and quantifiers 212
9.8 Deictic determination 215
Part IV: Explorations 216
10. A constructive version of GPSG for machine translation
Christa Hauettsclzild and Stephan Busemann 216
10.0 Introduction 216
10.1 The potential role of GPSG within an MT framework 217
10.2 The classical version of GPSG 219
10.3 GPSG from a constructive point of view 225
10.4 Prospects for further research: from syntax to semantics 236
11. LFG and the CAT-formalism
Paul Schmidt 239
11.0 Introduction 239
11.1 Constructing a little grammar in LFG 239
11.2 The problem with free word order in German 245
11.3 Long-distance movement 248
11.4 Summary 250
